In recent years, bohemianism has been hailed as a symbol of free-spirited living, creativity, and a rejection of mainstream norms. From flowy dresses to eclectic home decor, the boho aesthetic has become a popular cultural touchstone.
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However, as bohemianism continues to permeate mainstream culture, an important question arises: Is practicing bohemianism an act of cultural appropriation?
This question isn’t as straightforward as it seems. To unpack it, we need to dive into the history of bohemianism, examine its roots, and understand where the lines blur between cultural appreciation and appropriation. Let’s explore this issue thoughtfully, with the goal of being mindful of both inspiration and respect.
What Is Cultural Appropriation Exactly?
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Cultural appropriation refers to the adoption or use of elements from one culture—typically a marginalised culture—by people who don’t belong to that culture, often without understanding or respecting its significance. The problem arises when these cultural elements are used in a way that strips them of their original meaning, commodifies them, or disrespects the people who originated them.
In contrast, cultural appreciation involves a genuine interest in and respect for the traditions, practices, and values of another culture. Appreciation seeks to learn, honour, and engage with a culture, while appropriation often reduces it to a trend or aesthetic without acknowledging its deeper significance.
A Look Back: The Origins of Bohemianism
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To understand whether modern bohemianism teeters into cultural appropriation, we first need to look at its roots. The term “bohemian” dates back to 19th-century France, where it was used to describe marginalised artists, writers, and performers who rejected societal norms and lived unconventional lifestyles. They sought freedom in creativity and rebellion, often living in poverty and eschewing material wealth.
The word “bohemian” itself is tied to a region in the Czech Republic, then known as Bohemia. However, the French adopted the term because they mistakenly associated these unconventional artists with the Romani people, who were thought to have originated from Bohemia (though they largely came from northern India). Over time, “bohemian” became synonymous with a lifestyle that embraced art, creativity, and a rejection of bourgeois values.
This history reveals a key point: the original concept of bohemianism itself is somewhat rooted in a misunderstanding and stereotyping of another culture. The connection to Romani people, who have faced centuries of persecution and marginalisation, adds layers of complexity to the bohemian aesthetic we know today. And here lies the first potential pitfall of cultural appropriation—when an aesthetic born from a marginalized group is adopted by the mainstream without recognizing its origins or struggles.
Modern Bohemianism: A Global Mix of Cultures
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Fast forward to today, and the modern bohemian aesthetic has evolved far beyond its 19th-century origins. Now, “boho” style is a mishmash of influences from around the world—Native American, African, Indian, Middle Eastern, and more. Think dreamcatchers, tribal prints, feathers, bindis, and woven textiles from various cultures, all co-opted into the “boho” look we see in fashion, festivals, and Instagram feeds.
While this global mix may seem like a celebration of diversity, it also raises concerns about cultural appropriation. Here’s why:
- Commodification of Sacred Symbols: Items like dreamcatchers, which hold deep spiritual significance for Native American cultures, are often used as mere decorative pieces. The reduction of such symbols to accessories for boho outfits trivialises their cultural importance.
- Exoticism and Othering: Some aspects of bohemian style exoticize and “other” non-Western cultures. Tribal prints or jewellery, for example, can become trendy fashion statements without acknowledging the people or histories behind them. This perpetuates the idea that non-Western cultures exist only to provide an “exotic” flair for Western consumption.
- Displacement of Marginalised Voices: When elements of marginalised cultures are used by those in privileged positions, it can displace the voices of the people who originated them. Instead of supporting artisans and creators from these cultures, mainstream brands profit from selling watered-down versions of their traditions.
Appreciation vs. Appropriation: The Fine Line
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So, is it possible to embrace bohemian style and culture without crossing into appropriation? Absolutely, but it requires thoughtfulness and intention.
Here are a few key considerations to keep in mind:
- Understand the Origin: Before adopting a particular item or practice, do your homework. Learn about its origins, meaning, and significance. For example, if you love wearing traditional African textiles, take the time to understand their history and cultural importance. By educating yourself, you can avoid reducing cultural elements to mere aesthetics.
- Acknowledge Privilege: Recognise that as a member of a more privileged culture (e.g., Western), your access to and use of marginalised cultures’ symbols might carry more weight. The same items that are “trendy” for you may carry a history of oppression for others.
- Support the Creators: If you love a particular cultural item—whether it’s a garment, piece of art, or jewelry—seek out authentic sources and support the people who create them. Buying directly from Indigenous artists or ethical brands ensures that you’re honouring the craft and contributing to the well-being of the culture’s communities.
- Avoid Stereotyping: Be mindful of how you represent a culture. Wearing a bindi at Coachella, for instance, may seem like a harmless fashion choice, but to many, it feels like a reduction of a deeply religious symbol to a festival trend. Avoid perpetuating stereotypes by using sacred symbols and items out of context.
- Borrow Responsibly: If you’re drawing inspiration from another culture, make sure you’re doing it respectfully. There’s a difference between borrowing in a way that honours the culture and borrowing in a way that disrespects it. Ask yourself: Am I using this item or symbol in a way that respects its origins? Would the people who created it feel honored by my use of it?
The Bottom Line: Practicing Mindful Bohemianism
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At its core, the bohemian lifestyle is about freedom, creativity, and connection to the world around us. But in a globalised society, it’s essential to practice this way of life mindfully, with a deep respect for the cultures that inspire us. Instead of just adopting elements because they “look cool,” take the time to engage with their history, understand their significance, and ensure you’re not contributing to cultural harm.
So, is practising bohemianism an act of cultural appropriation? It can be—but it doesn’t have to be. The key is to approach it with mindfulness, respect, and a genuine desire to appreciate rather than appropriate. In doing so, you can embrace the best parts of the bohemian lifestyle without contributing to the erasure or commodification of marginalised cultures.
Boho with Respect
As bohemianism continues to inspire, remember that true boho living isn’t just about a look—it’s about a mindset. And part of that mindset is cultivating an appreciation for the world and the cultures that make it so rich and diverse. Be a conscious, responsible bohemian by not just wearing the style, but respecting the heritage behind it.